Friday, October 23, 2009

tv

Growth of Television
YearTV Sets in Use# Lines in Picture
1928 & EarlierFew Experimental30 Lines
1929Few Experimental60 Lines
1931Few Experimental120 Lines
1933Few Experimental240 Lines
193450-100343 Lines
1939Less than 1,000441 Lines
19411,000525 Lines
19466,000525 Lines
1947142,000525 Lines
1948977,000525 Lines
19493,660,000525 Lines
19509,732,000525 Lines
195115,637,000525 Lines
195221,782,000525 Lines
195325,233,000525 Lines

    Interesting facts:
  • A pre World War II (1941) Television Set is rarer than a Stradivarius Violin!
  • The number of televisions sold in the US for the month of September 2001 was 2.3 million!

History Of Television

Did you know?

  • Invented in 1929, television was first introduced to the public at a World's Fair in 1939. 

  • At first, television received mixed reviews because there was little to watch and picture quality was poor. 

  • The first television station license was issued by the Federal Communications Commission on July 1, 1941. 

  • The first licenses issued were for commercial stations. Thus, television began in the United States as a vehicle for selling goods and services while providing entertainment. 

  • Only 20 years later, in the early 1960s, the first educational stations (later Public Broadcasting) began offering programs with the aim to educate and enrich people's lives. 

  • WWII delayed the formation of television broadcasting till the late 1940s. 

  • From the late 1940s to the mid-1950s three main broadcasting networks emerged: CBS, NBC, and ABC. 

  • Today, most viewers (with cable or satellite) have access to an average of 202.6 available channels (Television Bureau of Advertising, 2001). 

  • In 1950, only 9% of U.S. households owned a television (Television Bureau of Advertising, 2001).

  • By 1955, within five years, 64.5% of U.S. households owned a TV (Television Bureau of Advertising, 2001). 

  • By 1965 at least one TV was in 92.6% of U.S. households, and presently TVs, at 98.2% (99.9% of those are color), are in virtually every household (Television Bureau of Advertising, 2001). 

  • Signals can be received virtually everywhere--either over the airwaves, by cable, or by satellite. 

  • In 1970, about 7% of homes had cable television (Donnerstein, 1994). 

  • When HBO started sending signals via satellite in 1975, cable TV started to realize its capability and by 1990 it reached 56.4% of U.S. households. Currently wired cable television has reached 69.4% of television households (Television Bureau of Advertising, 2001). 

  • 78% of adults surveyed report that they have home cable or satellite television (National Public Radio, 2000). 

  • In 1970, VCR's were hardly seen in homes. Now VCRs are a media staple in over 90% of American households (Lyman, 2002). Though, DVD players, with digital capability, are fast becoming the norm. 

  • On the horizon is Digital TV. With Internet and television convergence, the stage is set for interactive television.

Tuesday, October 20, 2009

annotation

INITIAL APPRAISAL


A. Author

  1. What are the author's credentials--institutional affiliation (where he or she works), educational background, past writings, or experience? Is the book or article written on a topic in the author's area of expertise? You can use the various Who's Who publications for the U.S. and other countries and for specific subjects and the biographical information located in the publication itself to help determine the author's affiliation and credentials.
  2. Has your instructor mentioned this author? Have you seen the author's name cited in other sources or bibliographies? Respected authors are cited frequently by other scholars. For this reason, always note those names that appear in many different sources.
  3. Is the author associated with a reputable institution or organization? What are the basic values or goals of the organization or institution?
B. Date of Publication

  1. When was the source published? This date is often located on the face of the title page below the name of the publisher. If it is not there, look for the copyright date on the reverse of the title page. On Web pages, the date of the last revision is usually at the bottom of the home page, sometimes every page.
  2. Is the source current or out-of-date for your topic? Topic areas of continuing and rapid development, such as the sciences, demand more current information. On the other hand, topics in the humanities often require material that was written many years ago. At the other extreme, some news sources on the Web now note the hour and minute that articles are posted on their site.
C. Edition or Revision

Is this a first edition of this publication or not? Further editions indicate a source has been revised and updated to reflect changes in knowledge, include omissions, and harmonize with its intended reader's needs. Also, many printings or editions may indicate that the work has become a standard source in the area and is reliable. If you are using a Web source, do the pages indicate revision dates?

D. Publisher

Note the publisher. If the source is published by a university press, it is likely to be scholarly. Although the fact that the publisher is reputable does not necessarily guarantee quality, it does show that the publisher may have high regard for the source being published.

E. Title of Journal

Is this a scholarly or a popular journal? This distinction is important because it indicates different levels of complexity in conveying ideas. If you need help in determining the type of journal, see Distinguishing Scholarly from Non-Scholarly Periodicals. Or you may wish to check your journal title in the latest edition of Katz's Magazines for Libraries (Olin Ref Z 6941 .K21, shelved at the reference desk) for a brief evaluative description.


Monday, October 19, 2009

5 Sources

5 Sources for Free Computer Technology Education.

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (mit.edu)

MIT offers more than 50 free computer technology courses at the undergraduate and graduate level. Courses are easy to download and most include lecture notes, labs, assignments, audio, videos and text lessons.

University of California at Berkeley (berkeley.edu)

UC Berkeley offers a wide variety of free computer technology. Courses are broken down into separate lectures and can be viewed as webcasts or in some cases downloaded as podcasts.

3. About University (about.com)

There are more than 50 free computer technology courses offered through About University. Courses are delivered daily or weekly to your email address of choice and last anywhere from one day to 12 weeks. Most courses are text based, but some include images, videos and links to additional resources. There is also a guide that you can email and a discussion forum if you come across something you don't understand.

4. HP Learning Center (hp.com

There are dozens of free computer technology courses available through the HP Learning Center. Courses are instructor-led and available 24/7. Most of the courses are text based, but there are quite a few video courses to choose from as well.

5. Goodwill Community Foundation (gcflearnfree.org)

GCFLearnFree.org, which is funded by the GCF, offers several different free computer technology courses. Most courses focus on the basics and are broken down into easy-to-follow lessons. Individuals who aren't interested in self-study can sign up for instructor-led courses (also free).                                                                                                                                                                               

 Related articles to 5 Sources for Free Computer Technology                                                      Education Online.

  • Best School for Learning Computer Technology - Kansas City, MO

    Computers increasingly influence in the way we live, and the people who understand how they work and who can keep them functioning are in high demand. Computer technology training is available near Kansas City, Missouri at Lex La-Ray Technical Center. This small school, located 40 miles east of Kansas City in Lexington, Missouri, offers a Computer Maintenance and Networking Certificate.
  • Top Ranked Computer Technology School - Bakersfield, CA

    Students looking for a career in computer technology can turn to Bakersfield College in Bakersfield, C.A. Bakersfield College offers a variety of technical degree programs, including options to earn either an Associate in Science (AS) or an Associate in Arts (AA) degree in Computer Information Systems (CIS), Computer Science, Web Development and Electronics Technology.

Friday, October 9, 2009

Radio broadcast


By: Edward R. Murrow


Date: September 18, 21, and 22, 1940

 

Source: Murrow, Edward R. "London Blitz: September 1940." Radio transcript. Reprinted in Hynes, Samuel et al., eds. Reporting World War II: Part One, American Journalism, 1938–1944. New York: Library of America, 1995.


Invented in 1929, television was first introduced to the public at a World's Fair in 1939.


About the Author: Born Egbert Roscoe Murrow (1908–1965) in rural North Carolina, Edward R. Murrow became a true pioneer in broadcast journalism. He worked first in radio, gaining worldwide acclaim for his dramatic broadcasts during the London Blitz, then moved to the emerging medium of television after World War II (1939–1945). Murrow died of lung cancer on April 27, 1965, at the age of 57. Numerous awards are now named for the famed journalist, who remains the most revered broadcaster in the history of news reporting.


Although the basic components of television were developed as early as the 1870s, the technology was not sophisticated enough to broadcast an image until the 1920s. Even then television was too crude for widespread use. There were eighteen experimental television stations in the United States in 1931, but opposition to the new medium by radio broadcasters and a lack of funding during the Depression left these promising starts wanting. Nonetheless, technical innovations by inventors such as Vladimir Zworykin and Philo Farnsworth refined and improved television, and RCA was ready to introduce widespread commercial manufacture of television sets by 1938. RCA's competitors opposed the deployment of a national broadcast system based on RCA technology and moved to block the licensing of commercial broadcasting by the FCC. In 1940 a government panel concluded that RCA was attempting to establish industry broadcasting...


Thursday, October 8, 2009

Who is the inventor of television? You have really opened up a can of worms with that question! Probably no other invention in history has been so hotly disputed as the prestigious claim to the invention of 'Tele-vision or 'long-distance sight' by wireless.”

Since Marconi’s invention of wireless telegraphy in 1897, the imagination of many inventors have been sparked with the notion of sending images as well as sound, wirelessly. The first documented notion of sending components of pictures over a series of multiple circuits is credited to George Carey. Another inventor, W. E. Sawyer, suggested the possibility of sending an image over a single wire by rapidly scanning parts of the picture in succession.

On December 2, 1922, in Sorbonne, France, Edwin Belin, an Englishman, who held the patent for the transmission of photographs by wire as well as fiber optics and radar, demonstrated a mechanical scanning device that was an early precursor to modern television. Belin’s machine took flashes of light and directed them at a selenium element connected to an electronic device that produced sound waves. These sound waves could be received in another location and remodulated into flashes of light on a mirror.

Up until this point, the concept behind television was established, but it wasn’t until electronic scanning of imagery (the breaking up of images into tiny points of light for transmission over radio waves), was invented, that modern television received its start. But here is where the controversy really heats up.

The credit as to who was the inventor of modern television really comes down to two different people in two different places both working on the same problem at about the same time: Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, a Russian-born American inventor working for Westinghouse, and Philo Taylor Farnsworth, a privately backed farm boy from the state of Utah.

“Zworykin had a patent, but Farnsworth had a picture…”

Zworykin is usually credited as being the father of modern television. This was because the patent for the heart of the TV, the electron scanning tube, was first applied for by Zworykin in 1923, under the name of an iconoscope. The iconoscope was an electronic image scanner - essentially a primitive television camera. Farnsworth was the first of the two inventors to successfully demonstrate the transmission of television signals, which he did on September 7, 1927, using a scanning tube of his own design. Farnsworth received a patent for his electron scanning tube in 1930. Zworykin was not able to duplicate Farnsworth’s achievements until 1934 and his patent for a scanning tube was not issued until 1938. The truth of the matter is this, that while Zworykin applied for the patent for his iconoscope in 1923, the invention was not functional until some years later and all earlier efforts were of such poor quality that Westinghouse officials ordered him to work on something “more useful.”

Tuesday, October 6, 2009

NHD about tv

This History Timeline has been developed to provide a 'snapshot' of the famous people and events during this historical time period. Important dates in a fast, comprehensive,
chronological, or date order providing an actual sequence of important
past events which were of considerable significance to the
famous people involved in this time period.
A full History Timeline...
Read on!

The first tv was invented in 1775
produces static electricity by friction

Thursday, October 1, 2009

l crackers she kept to ward off fainting spells for kids who had skipped breakfast were varied and creative. We looked forward to a run down of each day’s adventures. One episode that remains vivid in my memory dealt with sex education.

The point in the school year for giving "The Talk" had arrived. At the time, my mother was covering two different schools. As was the practice in the school district where the schools were located, she sent notices to the students’ parents advising them of the topic to be discussed and inviting anyone interested to attend. At one of the schools, it was just my mother and the students. At the other school, some concerned parents added themselves to the mix.

The result was interesting and instructive. My mother gave essentially the same presentation at both schools. She then opened the floor to questions. At the school without parents, the questions and background information leading up to them were numerous. At the school with parents, the room was silent.

Sex education in schools has changed since my mother gave her presentation. Today, it often includes a discussion of condom usage and, in some schools, condom distribution. Parents’ desire to remain actively involved in their children’s sex education, on the other hand, has not changed. The potential chilling effect of parents’ involvement has also not changed.

While parents have primary responsibility for rearing their children, they need to recognize that sometimes children are more comfortable seeking counsel from others. An informed, accessible health care provider, like a school nurse, can serve this important role. As in the past, the nurse can explain without judgment the consequences of sexual relations. In light of the current reality of teen sexuality, the nurse can also explain how to use a condom properly and, when approached by a student who has decided to have sexual relations, ensure that the student has a condom.

Making condoms available in schools is not a simple matter, however, and the state of the law on the issue is divided. Courts have tended to defer to school boards’ decisions and allow condom distribution programs to stand, but legislators have tended to restrict school boards’ powers and prohibit such programs from being instituted. The debate revolves around rights, responsibilities, and potential liability. It also revolves around the message teens receive from such programs.

The need to reduce the risk of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease for those who decide to have sexual relations requires less divisiveness. Parents can still instruct their children as they see fit, but parents and their elected representatives should entrust school boards with the power to supplement that instruction with informed, health-based programs and services, including condom distribution programs. The principal message teens should receive is that their continued health and safety is key.